Modern rag paper is most commonly made out of cotton, although synthetic materials are occasionally used in combination. It was made using either linen or cotton fibers with natural materials like hemp or flax potentially added to the pulp. I Fibers Prior to the nineteenth century, rag paper was the base for paper made in Europe and North America. Image by Jan Homann, available under the public domain. Image by PhotoGraham, available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license ( CC BY-NC-SA 2.0).įiber structure visible under magnification. Paper fibers visible on close inspection. * For more information about the use of animal skins for paper and books, see Parchment / Vellum. Parchment paper (vegetable, imitation)*.For example, a paper may be both coated and proprietary. Profiles featured below are not mutually exclusive. additives, solvents) will produce certain qualities that affect the appearance and stability of the final product. In addition to raw materials, processing chemicals (e.g. Due to lignin-content, wood pulp papers-especially those produced from about 1850 to 1950-are typically found in poor condition. Additionally, many types of wood contain lignin, a protein which generates acid as it deteriorates and which causes yellowing and embrittling as the lignin reacts to light and heat exposure. Wood pulp was not used until the mid-nineteenth century, and early wood pulp papers required the use of harsh chemicals to process wood into usable pulp. Flax and hemp fibers were also commonly incorporated. The term for this product is "rag paper," and it is often found in good condition due to the neutral pH content of cotton and linen fibers. In Europe, the practice of beating cotton or linen cloth rags into pulp and then using screens to form sheets began in the fourteenth century. Paper quality depends largely on its fiber source and production method. Paper is composed of cellulose fibers derived from plants. Paper is typically a support that carries ink or other media. For more information on identifying and preserving inks, see Ink and Other Media.
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